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vim Usage
iDog's brief & practical vim guide.Basic Commands
| command | description |
|---|---|
| i/I | insert |
| a/A | append |
| o/O | append/insert new line |
| dd/cc | delete/replace curr line |
| dw/cw | delete/replace curr word |
| h/left arrow | left |
| l/right arrow | |
| j/upper arrow | |
| k/down arrow | |
| H | move to top left corner of screen |
| L | move to bottum left corner of screen |
| 0/^ | move to BOL |
| $ | EOL |
| G | go to EOF |
| <num>G | go to line num |
| ctrl-b/PgUp | |
| ctrl-f/PgDn | |
| w/W | beginning of next word/big word |
| e/E | end of next word/big word |
| b/B | beginning of prev word/big word |
| y | yank |
| p/P | paste before/after cursor |
| </> | left/right indent a selected block |
| <</>> | left/right indent curr line |
Useful commands for programmers
| command | description |
|---|---|
| % | match (), <>, [], {}, #if… |
| # | go to previous occurrence of the current word (under cursor) |
| * | go to next occurrence of the current word |
| [[ | go to previous ‘{‘ which is at col 1 |
| ]] | go to next ‘}’ which is at col 1 |
| { | go to start of previous paragraph |
| } | go to start of next paragraph |
| <ctrl>-] | jump |
| <ctrl>-T | jump back |
| gd | go to definition |
| K | show man page for the word at cursor |
| C | comment out curr line with //, then move to next line |
Generate tags for jumping operations
ctags [options] <filenames>Examples:
ctags –R | create tags recursively from the current dir. Ctags -R --exclude “/aaa/bbb” --exclude “/ccc/ddd” “/my/root/dir”If vi is started from a dir without the tags file, it cannot load the tags. In this case, we have following solutions:
- Make a script file, with the following commands
:set tags=<tag_file_with_path>
- Load the script file:
vi –s <script_file>
Quick fix - a simple IDE
| command | description |
|---|---|
| :make <param> | do make (make file must exist in current dir) |
| :cl | list errors & warnings |
| :cn | go to next error |
| :cp/:cN | go to previous error |
| :cnew | restart from the beginning |
Visual Mode
Back to the time of using a good editor in DOS...| command | description |
|---|---|
| v | toggle visual mode on/off |
| <ctrl>-v | toggle block visual mode on/off |
Split windows
| command | description |
|---|---|
| :split | split |
| :vsplit | split vertically |
| <ctrl>-w w or <ctrl>-w <ctrl>-w | move around the panes |
| <ctrl>-w <ctrl>-- | max the current pane |
| <ctrl>-w h/j/k/l | move cursor to a certain pane |
| <ctrl>-w H/J/K/L | move current pane to a direction |
| :close | close current pane |
| :qall | quit all files |
| :wall | save all files |
| :wqall | |
| :only | close all other panes |
| :vertical diffsplit <filename> | split vertically and do diff with curr file. Tip: use tab key for file name auto-completion |
| > vimdiff <file1> <file2> | same as above |
| :new | |
| :vertical :new | vertical split and start a new file |
| :vnew | same as above |
Other Notes
Get result of a command to the current edited file:read !<command>Eg:
:read !ls ~/ :read !cat ~/.bashrcReplace
:%s/\<word\>/WORD/gc\< indicates the beginning of word; \> end of word; c: prompt for each replace
:%s/^/my_str/gInsert my_str at the beginning of each line.
:%s/$/my_str/gAppend my_str after each line. Config file for vim vimrc.txt
:set ai/noai - alignment
:set sm - show matching () [] {} while typing
:set hlsearch - hilight the search result
:set laststatus=2 - show status bar
:set guifontset=-*-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-*-*-*-c-*,*-r-*
:set backup - backup file
:set nobk - don't backup file
Also, sometimes you will find that Backspace key acts as Del key, and <Shift> - Backspace acts as the normal Backspace key. In this case, if you type <Ctrl> - Backspace & <Ctrl> - <Shift> - Backspace, and set the desired in terminal configuration (depends on which terminal software you use), it will be fixed.
Edit binary files
- open binary file
- type ':%!xxd' (without quotation marks)
- edit the file
- type ':%!xxd -r' (without quotation marks)
- save file
